Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Young Sik Kim

17 Articles

Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney with Aggressive Behavior: An Unusual Renal Epithelial Neoplasm: A Case Report.: Ji Hye Lee, Mee Hye Oh, Hyun Deuk Cho, Young Sik Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):211-215.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.211

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Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma is a rare low-grade renal cell carcinoma, which was first described as a new entity in the World Health Organization 2004 classification. We report here on a case of this tumor with very unusual aggressive behavior. A 73-year-old man presented with gross hematuria. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a 5 cm sized low density mass in the left kidney. The radical nephrectomy specimen grossly showed a well demarcated tumor confined to the renal parenchyma. Histologically, the tumor consisted of elongated tubules or trabeculae of oval to cuboidal cells with a low nuclear grade, and these tubules/trabeculae were separated by abundant acidic mucinous stroma. In some areas, spindle cell components were mixed with parallel tubules. Neither significant atypia nor mitosis was seen. The patient developed multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules 2 months later. Four months after the surgery, the left supraclavicular, right hilar and right subcarinal lymph nodes were also enlarged by metastasis. The patient died of respiratory failure 13 months after the operation.

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Mucinous spindle and tubular renal cell carcinoma: analysis of chromosomal aberration pattern of low-grade, high-grade, and overlapping morphologic variant with papillary renal cell carcinoma
Kvetoslava Peckova, Petr Martinek, Maris Sperga, Delia Perez Montiel, Ondrej Daum, Pavla Rotterova, Kristýna Kalusová, Milan Hora, Kristýna Pivovarcikova, Boris Rychly, Semir Vranic, Whitney Davidson, Josef Vodicka, Magdaléna Dubová, Michal Michal, Ondrej
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2015; 19(4): 226. CrossRef

Adnexal Clear Cell Carcinoma with Comedonecrosis: A Case Report.: Seo Hee Kim, Sun Hee Han, Jung Suk An, Ju Han Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Heum Rye Park, Young Sik Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(1):92-96.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.1.92

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Abstract PDF: Adnexal clear cell carcinoma with comedonecrosis (ACCCC) is a very rare malignancy of the skin with an aggressive clinical course and a predilection for the scalp. This is the first reported case of ACCCC in Korea. A 79-year-old male presented with left abdominal masses that proved to be two subcutaneous nodules. The tumors histologically consisted of epithelial nests that showed a distinctive zonal arrangement. The centrally located clear cell areas with comedonecroses were merged with the peripheral squamoid cells, often exhibiting retraction artifacts and an infiltrating border. Nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitoses were prominent. The clear cells were immunopositive for carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. We report here on a case of ACCCC involving the abdominal skin, and this tumor should be distinguished from the more indolent squamous cell and tricholemmal carcinomas.

The EGFR Protein Expression and the Gene Copy Number Changes in Renal Cell Carcinomas.: Sangho Lee, Jungsuk An, Aeree Kim, Young Sik Kim, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(5):413-419.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.5.413

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be involved in many tumor promoting activities. EGFR inhibition has been tried as a therapeutic modality in many human malignancies.
METHODS
The expression of EGFR protein and the gene copy number changes were studied in 135 clear cell carcinomas and 16 papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and these tumors were diagnosed between 1995 and 1997.
RESULTS
An EGFR protein expression (2+ and 3+) was found in 54.1% of the clear cell RCCs and in 43.8% of the papillary RCCs. In the clear cell RCCs, its expression was associated with male gender, the tumor size (> or =4 cm) and high T stages (T2 and T3), with statistical significance. Trisomy and polysomy of the EGFR gene were found in 27 (25.7%) and 40 (38.1%) of 105 clear cell RCCs, respectively. Trisomy and polysomy were correlated with an EGFR protein expression and a high clinical T stage, with statistical significance. Among 15 papillary RCCs, 13 tumors showed trisomy (86.7%) and one showed polysomy (6.7%). Amplification was not found in both the clear cell and papillary type RCCs.
CONCLUSIONS
A considerable numbers of RCCs showed an overexpression of EGFR protein and increased EGFR gene copy numbers, yet the clinical significance of conducting a FISH study in RCC patients seems to be limited.

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EGFR protein overexpression correlates with chromosome 7 polysomy and poor prognostic parameters in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Gordana Đorđević, Koviljka Matušan Ilijaš, Ita Hadžisejdić, Anton Maričić, Blaženka Grahovac, Nives Jonjić
Journal of Biomedical Science.2012;[Epub] CrossRef

Expression of p16, Rb and FHIT Proteins in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder.: Sun Hee Han, Ju Han Lee, Seo Hee Kim, Jungsuk An, Eung Seok Lee, Young Sik Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(5):294-298.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of p16, retinoblastoma (Rb) and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) proteins in urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder, and to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathlogic parameters and each protein expression level. METHODS: The expression of p16, Rb, and FHIT proteins were studied in 176 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The diffuse positive expression of the p16 protein was significantly associated with high grade and advanced tumor depth (p=0.007 and p=0.020). The loss of the Rb protein was significantly associated with old age and disease recurrence (p=0.020 and 0.037). The loss of the FHIT protein was significantly associated with advanced tumor depth (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that p16 and FHIT proteins may be involved in the progression of urothelial carcinoma. In addition, p16 may be a useful prognostic marker for individual urothelial carcinoma patients.

Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of the Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling Pathway in Cancer of the Ampulla of Vater.: Gwang Il Kim, Jeong Boon Kim, Sang Bum Park, Young Sik Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Bom Woo Yeom, Yang Seok Chae; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(4):224-231.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is rare and its pathogenesis is unclear. The role of epigenetic changes in the APC or CDH1, in the Wnt pathway, has not been reported in ampullary carcinomas.
METHODS
We performed immunohistochemistry on 73 sporadic ampullary carcinomas to identify Wnt-related molecules (APC, beta-catenin, E-cadherin, c-erbB2, cyclin D1) and examined mutations in the CTNNB1, loss of heterozygosity of 5q21, and the methylation status of the CpG island of APC and CDH1.
RESULTS
Thirteen tumors (17.8%) showed abnormal nuclear localization of beta-catenin; this was more prominent in the intestinal type than in the pancreaticobiliary type (p=0.01). The loss of APC correlated with the loss of beta-catenin or c-erb B2 (p<0.01). The prognosis was worse in the group with APC loss than when APC was maintained (p<0.05). There was no mutation identified in CTNNB1. Six (24%) out of 25 informative cases had 5q21 allelic loss. CpG island methylation in APC and CDH1 was detected in 33 (45.2%) and 29 (31.5%) cases, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The absence of mutations in CTNNB1 and the epigenetic alteration of APC and CDH1, might be characteristic changes in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway during the carcinogenesis of ampullary carcinomas.

Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report.: Hyunchul Kim, Ju Han Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Soon Young Kwon, Taik Kun Kim, Young Sik Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):193-197.

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Abstract PDF: Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma (SMEC) is a very rare tumor of the salivary gland. There have been eight cases of SMEC reported in the medical literature; this is the first reported case in Korea. A 51-year-old woman presented with a right infra-auricular mass that she had for 3 years. We performed superficial parotidectomy. Grossly, the resected parotid gland showed a well-circumscribed firm mass. Histologically, the tumor consisted of central solid or ductal tumor nests within a dense fibrous stroma surrounded by peripheral lymphoid infiltration. The tumor nests were composed of squamous, intermediate and mucin-secreting cells. However, the tumor cells lacked mitosis and nuclear anaplasia. The lymphoid cells were mostly composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells with occasional eosinophils and neutrophils. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for high- and low- molecular weight cytokeratins, cytokeratin 7, p16INK4A, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. The patient also underwent radiation therapy. We report here on a case of SMEC of the parotid gland along with the immunohistochemical characteristics, and we review the relevant literature.

ISUP/WHO Classification of Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms of Urinary Bladder: Consensus Study Conducted by Korean Society of Urogenital Pathology.: Jung Weon Shim, Jae Y Ro, Nam Hoon Cho, Young Sik Kim, Yong Wook Park, Sang In Shim, Dong Wha Lee, Yeong Jin Choi, Woon Sup Han; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(4):282-288.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Pathologic grading, one of the most important prognostic factors of papillary urothelial neoplasia (PUN) of the urinary bladder, has been revised continuously. The current study focused on the analysis of interobserver agreement on PUN of the urinary bladder bet- ween 1973 WHO classification (WHO 1973) and 1998 WHO/ISUP classification.
METHODS
Seventy five cases from 15 institutions were collected, and after review by Korean Society of Urogenital Pathology (KSUP), 30 cases were selected as follows; group I, WHO grade 1 and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential by ISUP (7 cases), group II, WHO grade 2 and low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (16 cases), and group III, WHO grade 3 and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (7 cases). Seventy five general surgical pathologists who participated in this study were asked to grade the tumors based on WHO/ISUP classification. Interobserver agreement between the participants' diagnosis and KSUP consensus diagnosis was analyzed by kappa value.
RESULTS
Interobserver agreement assessed by kappa value for all diagnostic groups was very low; for group I, kappa value was -0.900893722; for group II, -0.944650025, and for group III, -0.876728996. The overall kappa value of pathology residents was better than that of practicing pathologists.
CONCLUSIONS
The 1998 WHO/ ISUP classification could not be easily translated from the 1973 WHO classification and because of poor interobserver agreement, it appears that further work would be needed before it can be practically applied.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the Nasal Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.: Jung Suk An, Sun Hee Han, Ju Han Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Heum Rye Park, Young Sik Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):241-244.

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Abstract PDF: Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign and self-limiting non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis that generally occurs during infancy and childhood. It develops frequently in the head and neck but is very rare in the nasal cavity. To date, only five cases of JXG in the nasal cavity have been reported. Here, we report the second case of JXG in the nasal cavity in Korea. A 19-year-old male patient presented with a protruding 1.1 cm mass in the left nasal vestibule. Histologically, a dense dermal infiltrate of histiocytes with Touton giant cells was observed. Immunohistochemically, the histiocytes tested positive for CD68 and the S-100 protein but negative for CD1a. This shows that a S-100-positive histiocytic lesion dose not exclude a diagnosis of JXG.

Comparative Analysis of Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin in Normal Population and Patients with Different Types of Cancer.: Bum Joon Kim, Young Sik Kim, Eun Mee Han, Eung Seok Lee, Nam Hee Won, Geung Hwan Ahn, Dale Lee, Bom Woo Yeom; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(5):306-310.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum protein of innate immunity. Its genetic mutations lead to deficiency of serum MBL and recurrent pyogenic infection in childhood. However, little is known about the frequency of its gene mutations or serum levels in Korean population and patients with cancers.
METHODS
We studied the mutational genotypes of MBL exon 1 codon 52, 54, and 57 or serum MBL levels from 102 normal adults and 228 cases of breast, stomach, colon, uterine cervical, and lung cancers by allele-specific PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
MBL gene mutations were found in 32 of 102 normal adults (31.4%), and were restricted only to exon 1 codon 54 showing homozygous (n=5, 4.9%) or heterozygous mutations (n=27, 26.5%). Mean and median serum MBL in the patients with cancers were increased (2,647+/-1,742 and 2,915 ng/mL, mean+/-S.D. and median) than those of normal adults (1,906+/-1,359 and 1,758 ng/mL). Serum MBL level was significantly increased in the patients with stomach, uterine cervical, colon, and lung cancers.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that the frequency and pattern of MBL gene mutations and its serum level is very similar among northeastern Asian populations. In addition, MBL might be involved in an immunologic response against common cancers, although further studies are needed.

Quantitative Nuclear Characteristics of Lung Cancer Cells Using Image Analysis.: Moon Kyoung Kim, Chung Yeul Kim, Woon Yong Jeong, Ji Hye Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Young Sik Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, In Sun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(2):115-120.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The usefulness of quantitative nuclear image analysis in the classification of lung carcinoma is widely investigated and published. In this study, we tried to measure the nuclear characteristics of primary lung carcinomas by image analysis and to find the possibility of differential diagnoses.
METHODS
Seventeen cases of adenocarcinomas (not including bronchioloalveolar carcinoma), seven of bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, eight of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, five of small cell carcinamas, and 26 of squamous cell carcinomas were analysed. Three different images of each case were captured by digital camera, and we analyzed the nuclear area, perimeter, circularity, and density using the Optimas 6.5 Image Analyser software package. Statistical analyses were done using the statistical program STATISTICA kernel release 5.5.
RESULTS
The mean nuclear area was 0.52+/-0.25micrometer2 in the adenocarcinomas, 0.50+/-1.82micrometer2 in the squamous cell carcinomas, 0.45+/-0.20micrometer2 in the large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 0.42+/-0.16micrometer2 in the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and 0.31+/-0.12micrometer2 in the small cell carcinamas. The nuclear area was significantly different between the small cell carcinomas and the non-small cell carcinomas (p<0.01) and between the adenocarcinomas and the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (p=0.02). The mean nuclear perimeter was 3.36+/-0.92micrometer2 in the adenocarcinomas, 3.24+/-0.67micrometer2 in the squamous cell carcinomas, 3.16+/-0.82micrometer2 in the large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 3.05+/-0.80micrometer2 in the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and 2.54+/-0.62micrometer2 in the small cell carcinamas. The nuclear perimeter was significantly different between the small cell carcinomas and the non-small cell carcinomas (p<0.04). The nuclear circularity showed no statistical difference. Nuclear density was the highest in the squamous cell carcinomas, and the lowest in the small cell carcinomas. The large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas showed the lowest standard deviation in nuclear density.
CONCLUSION
The analysis of nuclear characteristics using an image analyser can be used as an objective method in the classification of lung carcinoma.

Histopathologic Findings, and p53 and K-ras Mutational Analysis in Biopsy Specimens Using Fluorescence Bronchoscopy.: Young Sik Kim, Seol Hee Park, Myung Hee Jung, Eun Chang Choi, I Yong Park, Han Kyeom Kim, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(8):550-558.

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Abstract PDF: A fluorescence bronchoscope system has been developed for detecting early lung cancer including dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. To determine the histologic findings and genetic alterations of the lung tissues, which were biopsied by the fluorescence bronchoscope, we analyzed 104 specimens from 62 heavy smokers for their histopathology, cell proliferation index, and genetic mutations of p53 and K-ras. We used immunohistochemistry for MIB-1 and p53, and PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing for p53 and K-ras. The histology was variable from reactive conditions to invasive cancers, and consisted of basal cell hyperplasia (26.9%), dysplasia (4.8%), carcinoma in situ (1.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (7.7%), adenocarcinoma (4.8%), and small cell carcinoma (10.6%). The cellular proliferation index of the lesions increased as their aggressiveness increased. p53 and K-ras mutations were detected in 33.7% and 14.4% of all tissues, respectively. In dysplasia, p53 and K-ras mutations were observed in 3 of 5 and in 2 of 5 tissues, respectively. However, these genetic alterations were not found in carcinoma in situ. Interestingly, 28.6% of basal cell hyperplasia showed p53 mutations. In conclusion, these data suggest that the biopsy specimens using fluorescence bronchoscopy show variable histologic findings, ranging from reactive conditions to invasive cancers. In addition, some of the dysplastic lesions are related to p53 and K-ras mutations, although these genetic alterations are also seen in basal cell hyperplasia.

Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinomas of the Stomach Report of 4 cases associated with Epstein-Barr virus.: Eun Sook Nam, Duck Hwan Kim, Hye Kyung Ahn, Hyung Sik Shin, Young Sik Kim, Han Kyum Kim, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(9):680-686.

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Abstract: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) that histologically resembles nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma has been reported in various sites including the stomach, salivary gland, lung, skin, thymus, tonsil and uterine cervix. LELC of the stomach was rarely reported after the first report by Burke et al. in 1990. More than 60% of them were associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Most commonly affecting elderly Asians with slight male predominance (M/F ; 1.2/1), it usually is located in the proximal portion of the stomach and distinguished from lymphoid-rich adenocarcinoma by the absence of definitive glandular differentiation in the LELC. We recently experienced 4 cases of LELC of the stomach associated with EBV. Patients consisted of two Korean females and two Korean males with one in 3rd decade, one in 5th decade and two in 6th decade. The tumors of all cases were located in the proximal portion of the stomach. Gross types were 1 Borrman type I, 2 Borrman type II and 1 early gastric carcinoma type IIc. The size of the tumors varied from 0.8 cm to 7 cm. Microscopic findings were similar in all 4 tumors.; The tumors were composed of syncytial nests of undifferentiated cells having vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, admixed with abundant lymphoplasma cell infiltration in the stroma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were reactive for cytokeratin and the stromal lymphocytes were mostly T cells. There were dark hybridization signals in the nuclei of most of the tumor cells but no signals in the stromal lymphocytes in three cases on in situ PCR hybridization and on all cases PCR amplification for EBNA-1. It is concluded that LELCs of the stomach have distinctive histologic characteristics and the usual association with EBV. Further accumulation of these cases will define the prognosis.

Epstein-Barr Virus and p53 in Laryngeal and Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas.: Eun Sook Nam, Duck Hwan Kim, Hyung Sik Shin, Young Euy Park, Young Sik Kim, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(8):551-562.

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Abstract: To investigate the correlation between EBV infection and p53 overexpression in laryngeal carcinomas (LC) and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) in Korea, we analyzed 37 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and 33 nasopharyngeal (11 squamous cell and 22 undifferentiated) carcinomas. We used the immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) for p53 overexpression and p53 gene mutation, respectively, and EBER-1 in situ hybridization and PCR using primer for EBNA-1 and EBNA-2 type 1 and 2 for prevalence and the subtype of EBV. The results were as follows; 1) The p53 expression was found in 43.2% of squamous cell LCs, in 54.6% of squamous cell NPCs and in 22.7% of undifferentiated NPCs. The p53 gene mutation was detected in 6 of 23 squamous cell LCs and 3 of 14 undifferentiated NPCs. 2) EBV was detected more frequently in undifferentiated NPCs (95.5%) than in squamous cell NPCs (63.6%) and squamous cell LCs (37.0%). Only type 1 was found in squamous cell LCs and NPCs, whereas both type 1 and type 2 were detected in undifferentiated NPCs. 3) There was no difference according to EBV infection (EBV+ ; 7 cases, EBV- ; 7 cases) in the cases with p53 protein overexpression but mutaion. From the above results, it can be concluded that squamous cell LCs and NPCs are associated with both p53 and EBV, whereas undifferentiated NPCs are more closely associated with EBV than p53. In Korea, both type 1 and 2 are detected in undifferentiated NPCs. Also, our result suggests that EBV infection does not seem to contribute to p53 overexpression. The interrelationship between EBV infection and p53 remains to be further defined.

Expression of Androgen Receptor, bcl-2 Protein and Rb Protein in Breast Cancers as Related to Prognostic Factors.: Hyun Deuk Cho, Young Sik Kim, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(6):443-452.

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Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in industrialized countries and the third in Korean women. There have been a lot of studies on biologic behaviors as well as on the prognostic factors of the breast cancer. In this study, the expression of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ; ER, progesterone receptor ; PR, and androgen receptor ; AR), bcl-2 and Rb proteins were immunostained on 60 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. The results were evaluated in relation with the age, histologic grade, tumor size, and status of lymph node metastasis. The expression of ER and PR had a significant inverse correlation with the histologic grade (p<0.001). The expression of AR was significantly correlated with the expression of ER (p=0.039) and PR (p=0.009), but not with other factors such as age, histologic grade, tumor size, and status of lymph node metastasis. There was no relationship between bcl-2 protein expresssion and other prognostic factors, except with the expression of ER. Rb protein expression had a significant positive relationship with PR (p=0.05) and the degree of positivity was correlated with histologic grade (p=0.002). In conclusion, this result suggests that expression of AR is well correlated with ER and PR. bcl-2 has no prognostic value. The significance of Rb protein expression remained to be studied.

Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: A case report.: Kwang Il Kim, Young Sik Kim, In Sun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(2):150-152.

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Abstract PDF: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a rare subtype of undifferentiated carcinoma in the salivary gland. The incidence of lymphoepithelial carcinoma is about 0.4% among the patients with major salivary gland tumors. It has a racial preference; about 75% of the patients are of Mongolian ancestry. We report a case of lymphoepithelial carcinoma arising in the left parotid gland of a 52-year-old man. Grossly, the tumor was relatively well demarcated, gray-white, and solid. Microscopically, the irregular shaped syncytial tumor cell islands were evident within lymphoplasma cell-rich and desmoplastic stroma. The carcinoma cells had large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The tumor invaded the surrounding salivary gland tissue. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was demonstrated by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA-1 (EBER-1) and polymerase chain reaction for EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1).

Detection and Subtyping of Epstein-Barr Virus in Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas and Malignant Lymphomas.: Young Sik Kim, Seol Hee Park, In sun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(9):847-861.

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Abstract PDF: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to a spectrum of neoplastic conditions, including Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas and malignant lymphomas in immunocompromised state. To determine the prevalence and the subtype of EBV in gatrointestinal malignancies, fifty cases of adenocarcinomas and seventeen cases of malignant lymphomas were analyzed by EBERs in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction using primers for EBNA-1, EBNA-2A and EBNA-2B, on the paraffin sections. In addition, immunohistochemical stain for p53 protein was performed to investigate the potential role of EBV infection on tumor suppressor gene, p53, during tumorigenesis. EBER was detected in 6 of 26 gastric adenocarcinomas, 2 of 24 colon adenocarcinomas, and 8 of 17 malignant lymphomas. EBER was more prevalent in malignant lymphoma arising in the intestine (6/6) than in the stomach (2/11), and was detected in both B and T cell phenotypes. EBNA-1 was positive in 11 of 16 EBER positive cases and the subtyping was possible in 8; both type 1 and 2 were detected in gastric cancers, whereas only type 2 was found in intestinal neoplasms. In adenocarcinomas the high rate of p53 protein overexpression was found in both EBER positive (8/8) and negative cases (32/42), whereas the positive rate was higher in EBER positive cases (7/8) than in EBER negative cases (4/9) of malignant lymphomas. From the results, it can be concluded that EBV infection and the p53 tumor suppressor gene are independently associated in a significant portion of the gastrointestinal malignancies, but the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.

Cytologic Diagnosis of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma in Pleural Fluid: A Case Report.: Hwa Eun Oh, Yoo Hoon Kim, Seong Jin Cho, Young Sik Kim, In Sun Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1995;6(1):80-83.

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Abstract PDF: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of late adult life, but it is rare in the pleura. We recently experienced a case of cytology of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in pleural fluid. The smear revealed histiocytic malignant cells, spindle malignant cells and inflammatory cells. The histiocytic cells showed abundant, pale cytoplasm and ovoid, irregular, eccentrically placed nuclei. The spindle cells showed elongated nuclei. Intercellular collagen was also present.

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